Sensory Processing and Sensory Regulation in Occupational Therapy

Sensory processing is how an individual's body experiences and interprets stimuli from our environment through our senses. We have 8 sensory systems in our body including touch (or tactile), taste (gustatory), smell (olfactory), sight (vision), hearing (auditory), proprioceptive (body awareness), vestibular (balance, movement, and coordination) and interoceptive (internal sensation). When an individual has difficulties processing or handling, this information it can be described as “sensory processing disorder (SPD)” or simply “difficulties” with sensory processing. In Australia, SPD is not recognised as an official diagnosis.

Why is Sensory Processing important?

Sensory difficulties can present in two categories under responsive, where individuals either require strong stimuli to react or do not react at all, or over responsive, where individuals react strongly to small amounts of stimuli. Sensory processing builds the foundations for the functioning of the human central nervous system; if we have a poorly functioning sensory systems it impacts our ability to engage in daily living activities, behaviours and overall ability to engage in academic activities (learning).

"Our sensory systems change based on differing environments and based on who we are interacting with and why we are interacting with them".

Occupational therapy focuses on helping children develop the skills they need for daily living. This includes fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and social skills. Assisting with sensory processing is an essential part of this process.

Occupational therapists design activities that incorporate sensory regulation to meet each child's unique needs. For example, a therapist might use a sensory play e.g. a sensory bin filled with rice, beans, or sand to help a child practice their fine motor skills, while meeting their needs, movement play or other strategies to meet the needs of the child's nervous system.

Tips for Parents

Parents can also incorporate sensory regulation strategies at home. Here are some tips to get started:

• Be Mindful of Sensory Preferences: Pay attention to your child's sensory preferences. Some children may enjoy messy play or movement, while others may prefer quieter activities.

  
  

• Encourage Exploration: Allow your child to explore sensory regulation strategies freely. This encourages creativity and self-expression.

  
  

• Join in the Fun: Participate in regulation strategies with your child. This not only strengthens your bond but also provides opportunities for learning and growth.

  
  

The Importance of Individualised Approaches

Every child is unique, and their sensory needs may vary. Occupational therapists assess each child's sensory profile to create individualised therapy plans. This ensures that the sensory and regulation activities are tailored to meet the child's specific needs.

For example, a child who is sensitive to certain textures may benefit from activities that gradually introduce them to new materials. On the other hand, a child who seeks out sensory input may thrive in more intense sensory experiences.

Collaborating with Professionals

If you suspect your child may have sensory processing issues, consider consulting with a paediatric occupational therapist. They can provide valuable insights and strategies to support your child's development.

Working with a professional can help you understand your child's sensory needs better. They can also guide you in selecting appropriate sensory regulation activities that align with your child's therapy goals.

References: Sensory Processing Disorder | Child Success CenterSensory Processing | Sensory Integration | Kid Sense Child Development The Sensory Pyramid of Learning - Foundation for Development - DEVELOP LEARN GROW 

A child engaged in sensory play with vibrant playdough, exploring textures and colours.